Expression implies a revelation about the characteristics of a person, a message about something internal to the expresser. In the context of the face and nonverbal communication, expression usually implies a change of a visual pattern over time, but as a static painting can express a mood or capture a sentiment, so too the face can express relatively static characteristics (sometimes called physiognomy).
The concept of facial expression, thus, includes:
i) a characteristic of a person that is represented, i.e., the signified;
ii) a visual configuration that represents this characteristic, i.e., the signifier;
iii) the physical basis of this appearance, or sign vehicle, e.g., the skin,
ii) a visual configuration that represents this characteristic, i.e., the signifier;
iii) the physical basis of this appearance, or sign vehicle, e.g., the skin,
muscle movements, fat, wrinkles, lines, blemishes, etc.; and
iv) typically, some person or other perceiver that perceives and interprets
iv) typically, some person or other perceiver that perceives and interprets
the signs.
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